Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus)
http://www.samoyedhealthfoundation.org/diseases/diabetes-mellitus

Diabetes in Samoyeds is generally diagnosed between 4 – 10 years of age, with 7 being the average age of onset. In various research studies, Samoyeds have a higher odds ratio of developing diabetes ranging from 7.58 to 21.7 times the risk of other breeds (Bell, et al., 2012, p. 406). The disease is rooted in an abnormality in the immune system where the insulin producing cells of the body are destroyed. Symptoms include excessive water drinking and subsequent increased frequency in urination, increased appetite, weight loss and lethargy. Diabetes can contribute to the development of cataracts in affected dogs. Treatment is with insulin injections and diet management.

Hypothyroidism
http://www.samoyedhealthfoundation.org/diseases/hypothyroidism-autoimmune-hypothyroiditis

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce normal levels of the thyroid hormone. Clark (2014) cites that 1.2 % of the thyroid profiles submitted to OFA confirm autoimmune thyroiditis, and 13.1% are equivocal. The thyroid hormone influences metabolism, hair growth, weight regulation, reproduction and a number of other body systems. The most frequent form of hypothyroidism seen in Samoyeds is caused when the immune system attacks the tissues of the thyroid gland, destroying the cells that produce the thyroid hormone. Symptoms reflect the organ systems affected and include hair loss, weight gain, lethargy and infertility. Treatment is generally daily supplementation with a synthetic thyroid compound.